Refrigeration And Air-Conditioning Waec Syllabus

Below is this 2025 Waec Syllabus for Refrigeration And Air-Conditioning. Note that this syllabus is for both internal and external candidates.

Aims and Objectives

No published Aims and Objectives.

Scheme of Examination

The examinations shall consist of three papers, all of which must be taken. Papers 1 and 2 shall be composite and will be taken in one sitting.

Paper 1:

This will consist of forty compulsory multiple-choice questions.  Candidates will be allowed 1 hour for the paper.  It will carry 40 marks.

Paper 2:

There shall be five essay questions, out of which candidates will be expected to answer any four in 1 hour 30 minutes for 60 marks.

Paper 3:

There shall be two practical questions. The candidate is expected to answer one of them within 2 hours for 100 marks.

A list of materials (cutting list) shall be made available to the schools not less than two weeks before the paper is taken for their procurement and preparation for the examination.

The candidate shall carry out the task in the presence of an examiner.

Alternatively, the Council may consider using the alternative to practical work testing method in the event of constraints on requisite facilities. In this case, two compulsory questions shall be made available for candidates to answer within 2 hours for 100 marks.

The paper shall test candidates’ real-life experience in the workshop, abilities to identify and use requisite tools, use of measuring instruments, troubleshooting, etc.

Free-hand sketches of hand tools, circuits, and wiring diagrams of refrigeration and air-conditioning systems may also be required.

Detailed Refrigeration And Air-Conditioning Syllabus

Safety and first aid in the workshop

  1. Workshop rules and regulations
  2. Safety devices/equipment – helmet, goggles, safety boots, hand gloves, overall, apron sandbag, fire extinguishers, etc.

    Identification and operation of various types of fire extinguishers

  3. Accident: causes and prevention techniques.
  4. First Aid – materials for First Aid, charts, posters and first aid box, etc
  5. Application of first aid materials

Energy, matter and power

  1. Energy
  2. Nature of matter
  3. Power

Temperature and pressure

  1. Concept of temperature
  2. Different types of thermometers, e.g., gas, resistance, liquid and thermocouple
  3. Temperature scale conversion
    • centigrade to Fahrenheit
    • Celsius to Kelvin
    • Fahrenheit to rankine
  4. International practical temperature
    • The boiling point of oxygen – 182.97ºC
    • The triple point of water – 0.01 ºC
    • The boiling point of water – 100 ºC
  5. Concept of pressure
  6. Different types of pressure measuring devices, e.g., barometer, manometer, bourdon tube gauge.
    • Demonstration of the use of a barometer
  7. Pressure measurement
  8. Uses of suction and high-pressure gauges
    • Demonstrate how suction and high-pressure gauges are used to determine the performance of a refrigerant
  9. Effects of temperature, pressure and volume in refrigeration and air conditioning systems
  10. Gas law, Boyles law, Charles law and Dalton’s law
  11. Calculations involving general gas law.  Formulae
    • –   P1 V1 = P2V2
    • –   P1 =  P2
    • –   T1     T2
    • –          V1  = V2
    • –          T1     T2
    • –          P1 V1 = P2V2
    • –             T1        T2
  12. Plotting various temperature scales

Refrigeration and air conditioning systems

  1. Refrigeration cycle – Evaporation, compression, condensation and expansion
  2. Layout diagram of refrigeration systems
  3. Types and applications of the various forms of refrigeration
  4. Principles of operation of forms of a refrigeration system
  5. Functions of the component and accessories, e.g., relay, solenoid valves, capacitors and thermostat
  6. Definition and types of refrigerants
    • Identification of refrigerant by cylinder colours.
  7. Chemical names and formulae
  8. Properties and uses of refrigerants
  9. Refrigerants flow controls, e.g., TEV, AEV, capillary tube
  10. Operations of refrigerant flow controls
  11. Psychometric properties of air.
    • Demonstration of air conditioning principle by sling psychometer
  12. The processes of air conditioning: heating and cooling
  13. Latent and sensible heat, saturated and super-saturated vapour.
  14. Demonstration of the difference between latent and sensible heat by use of methylated spirit on human skin

Compressors, Condenses and Evaporators

  1. Types of compressors
  2. Construction of compressors
  3. Working principles of compressors
  4. Construction of condensers
    • Demonstrate how to service a condenser
  5. Calculation of heat load on condensers
  6. Types and functions of a liquid receiver and service valves
  7. Principle of operation of a liquid receiver and service valves
  8. Types of evaporators
  9. Construction and services of evaporators
    • Demonstrate how to service evaporators
  10. Working principles of evaporators
  11. Heat load estimates on evaporators

Workshop practices

  1. Basic tools – hacksaw, coil spring benders, reamers, tube cutters, etc
  2. Tools and procedures for servicing window unit air- conditioner
    • Servicing of a window air-conditioner
  3. Different methods of diagnosing faults: systematic and observation
  4. Common faults in refrigeration systems and their symptoms – leakage, faulty units, faulty compressor, poor cooling and current leakage
  5. Techniques of effective repairs in refrigeration and air - conditioning systems
  6. Techniques of troubleshooting in a given system
  7. Testing for leakages, polarity, insulation continuity, pressure and efficiency
    • Demonstrate how to test for leakages, polarity continuity and efficiency
  8. Maintenance of compressors, evaporators, motors, condensers, valves, accumulators and contactors
  9. Demonstrate how to repair faults in compressors, evaporators, motors and condensers.

Installation processes

  1. Concept of piping, ducting and trunking
  2. Piping a condenser and an evaporator
  3. Ducting, trunking and installation of air-conditioners
    • Installation of a split air-conditioners
  4. Piping, ducting and trunking tools – mallet hammer, flaring tools, silver tape, dot-punch, bending spring, amaflex, hacksaw, PVC pipes
  5. Types, functions, operation and application of motors and generators
  6. Installation procedures for motors and generators
  7. Maintenance of motors and generators in a refrigeration system
    • Servicing of motors and generators
  8. Working principles of a cold room
  9. Cold room installation procedures
  10. Factors affecting cold room operations.

Insulation processes

  1. Importance of insulation of refrigeration and air-conditioning systems
  2. Types of insulating materials – glass wool, fibre glass, polystyrene foam, wood, bitumen, ceramic, etc
  3. Functions and properties of insulation materials
  4. Procedure for insulating refrigeration and air - conditioning systems

Entrepreneurship

  1. Concept of business enterprise and types of businesses – sole proprietorship, partnership, limited liability, etc
  2. Sources of finance – loan, mortgage, shares, overdrafts, savings, etc.
  3. Types and functions of marketing styles
  4. Meaningful marketing at the least cost
      • Carry out a commercial marketing survey to set up refrigeration and air-conditioning business
  5. Marketing protocol and cost.
  6. Principles of Accounting
  7. The concept of business as a separate entity
  8. Ledger, trial balance and balance sheet
    • Preparation of ledger and balance sheet

LIST OF FACILITIES AND MAJOR EQUIPMENT/MATERIALS REQUIRED

    1. Complete toolbox (RAC) –             3
    2. Set of oxy-acetylene brazing equipment      –             2
    3. Power pillar drilling machine –             1
    4. Power grinding machine –             1
    5. Portable hand drilling machine –             2
    6. Portable table grinding machine –             2
    7. Vacuum pump –             1
    8. Recovery and recycling machine –             1
    9. Spotter recovery pump –            2
    10. Table vice –             4
    11. Workbench –             2
    12. Hand blower –             1
    13. D. O. T. recovery cylinders big size   –             1
    14. D. O. T. recovery cylinders (medium)         –   1
    15. Manifold gauge                                                             –             2
    16. Reamers –             4
    17. Pipe benders (various sizes) spring and mechanical –             1
    18. Ratchet wrenches –             2
    19. Hacksaw –             4
    20. Pliers (different types)                                                 –             1 each
    21. Set of screwdrivers –             4
    22. Mallet hammers –             2
    23. Ball-pein hammer –             2
    24. Electronic leak detectors –             1
    25. Electronic charging scale –             2
    26. Trolleys –             1
    27. Halogen touch light –             1
    28. Alcometer –             1
    29. Various types of refrigerant (R134A, 600A and 717)

SUGGESTED READING LIST

  1. Ananthranrayazan P. N. (2005) Basic refrigeration and air conditioning 3rd Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
  2. Whitman, W. C. Johnson, W. M. (1995) Refrigeration’s Air-conditioning Technology 3rd Edition, Delmar Publisher, Albany, N. Y.
  3. Rajput R. K. (2006) Refrigerant and air-conditioning 1st Edition, S. K. Kataria and Sons, Naizarak, Delhi.
  4. Roy J. Dossat. Principles of Refrigeration 4th Edition, Spectrum Publishers.


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